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The Lighthouse of Alexandria

2007-04-02T04:10:00.000-07:00

Of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World, only one had a practical use in addition to its architectural elegance: The Lighthouse of Alexandria. For sailors, it ensured a safe return to the Great Harbor. For architects, it meant even more: it was the tallest building on Earth. And for scientists, it was the mysterious mirror that fascinated those most. The mirror which reflection could be seen more than 50 km (35 miles) off-shore. On the ancient island of Pharos, now a promontory within the city of Alexandria in Egypt. Shortly after the death of Alexander the Great, his commander Ptolemy Soter assumed power in Egypt. He had witnessed the founding of Alexandria, and established his capital there.

Taj Mahal

2007-03-26T02:05:00.000-07:00

Located at the city of Agra in the State of Uttar Pradesh, the Taj Mahal is one of the most beautiful masterpieces of architecture in the world. Agra, situated about 200 km south of New Delhi, was the Capital of the Mughals (Moguls), the Muslim Emperors who ruled Northern India between the sixteenth and nineteenth centuries. The Mughals were the descendents of two of the most skilled warriors in history: the Turks and the Mongols. The Mughal dynasty reached its highest strength and fame during the reign of their early Emperors, Akbar, Jehangir, and Shah Jehan. It was Shah Jehan who ordered the building of the Taj, in honor of his wife, Arjumand Banu who later became known as Mumtaz Mahal, the Distinguished of the Palace. Mumtaz and Shah Jehan were married in 1612 and, over the next 18 years, had 14 children together.

Webrings

2007-03-20T23:22:00.000-07:00

Web sites that are linked by a common theme or interest sometimes will join together to form Web rings. A Web ring is a community of Web sites linked one to another, so that visitors go from one site to the next until they return to the site where they started. A Web ring is an ideal way for Web users to find a wide variety of sites on a particular topic.

Most Web ring systems provide a listing or a directory of all the sites within a ring, which is known as the hub or list page. Such directories frequently include a description of each site and a link to let the visitors quickly go to a particular site within the ring.

Each member site within the Web ring also provides a navigation panel with links for "Next site," "Previous site," etc. that help the user move from site to site, skipping ones that are offline or going back to a site they visited previously. View a demonstration of a Web ring on The World of Webrings site.

Rice vinegar

2007-03-11T21:41:00.001-07:00

Rice vinegar is vinegar prepared from fermented rice or rice wine in China and Japan. Japanese rice vinegar is very soft and mellow and ranges in colour from colourless to pale yellow. There are two different types of Japanese vinegar: one is made from fermented rice and the other is made by adding rice vinegar to sake. Chinese rice vinegars are stronger than Japanese ones, and range in colour from clear to different shades of red and brown. Chinese and especially Japanese vinegars are very mild and sweet compared to purify and more acidic Western vinegars which, for that reason, are not proper substitutes for rice vinegars. White rice vinegar is colorless to pale yellow liquid, superior in vinegar content and more similar to Western vinegars, but still less acidic and milder in flavor.

Black rice vinegar is popular in southern China. Chinkiang vinegar, which originated in the city of Zhenjiang in the eastern coastal province of Jiangsu, China, is measured the best of the black rice vinegars. Usually black rice vinegar is made with glutinous rice, although millet or sorghum may be used instead. It is dark in colour, and has a deep, almost smoky flavor. In addition to Zhenjiang, it is too produced in Hong Kong.

Red rice vinegar is darker than white rice vinegar, and paler than black rice vinegar, with a typical red colour from Red yeast rice, which is cultivated with the mold Monascus purpureus. This vinegar has a distinctive flavour of its own due to the red mold. In Chinese cookbooks, ½ tablespoon of Western white vinegar is equivalent in strength to 1 tablespoon Chinkiang vinegar. Many Chinese people who grow up with rice vinegars take time to raise accustomed to the strength of Western vinegars when they begin to encounter them. Rice vinegar is also used to make sushi.

Public transport

2007-03-05T20:30:00.000-08:00

Public transport, public transportation, public travel or mass transit comprises all transport systems in which the passengers do not tour in their own vehicles. While it is generally taken to include rail and bus services, wider definitions would comprise scheduled airline services, ship, taxicab services etc. – any system that transports members of the universal public. A further restriction that is sometimes practical is that it must take place in shared vehicles that would bar taxis that are not shared-ride taxis.

MBA-overview!

2007-02-25T23:22:00.000-08:00

Every student entering business school to get their MBA degree will require various skills and have basic expertise in particular areas. The level of the mathematical skills will vary depending upon the choice of your program. Many MBA programs need algebra, statistics, and most likely calculus. You may want to revive your skills if they are in query before entering an MBA program, because joining an MBA program without basic skills will be a bit tougher to get through. Most business schools needs the use of private computers throughout your MBA program, in some cases many school will require that you possess your own laptop. Though the degree to which you use a computer will differ, you should be contented with the complete knowledge of word processing, spreadsheets and databases. Every school will provide you their minimum basic necessities for computer skills.

Business schools today try to impersonate the business setting in their academic programs by using student teams. As businesses more and more twisted to teams to work on projects and to solve troubles, MBA programs have converted a huge portion of course work from individual work to teamwork. Many masters of business administration programs now contain teambuilding training as team building workshops, or as a theme in managerial performance courses. Teams are formed mainly for the reason of one project in one course or by remaining together, working on multiple courses for months. In this competitive situation of Business administration programs, the collaboration of students in team building movements is often complicated. Students that take part in team activities find that working with someone else takes up a lot of educational time.

The business fundamentals are taught in every MBA program. Economics, finance, accounting, organizational behavior, marketing, and statistics are in the basic range for master of business administration programs. In business school these subjects are considered a foundation group of courses required for each and every candidate.

These core courses make up the first year of study in a two-year full-time program. In some programs, students who have a prior background in business can by pass some or all of the core courses on the basis of either a special examination or an evaluation of the undergraduate transcript. In some programs, students who have a previous backdrop in business can go around some or all of the foundation courses on the basis of either a special examination or an assessment of the undergraduate record.

ETA

2007-02-15T20:54:00.000-08:00

Euskadi Ta Askatasuna or ETA is a Basque nationalist terrorist group founded in 1959. It evolved rapidly from a group advocating usual cultural ways to an armed group fighting for Basque self-government. Every formulation of ETA's goals have centered on sovereignty and self-determination for the Basque Country. ETA's motto is Bietan jarrai. This refers to the two figures in the ETA sign, a snake wrapped around an axe.

ETA is listed as a terrorist organization by the United Nations, European Union and the United States in their related watch lists. ETA has committed about 900 killings and dozens of kidnappings. More than 500 ETA militants are held in jail in Spain and France. On March 22, 2006 the association declared a "permanent ceasefire." After government rejection to agree any peace settlements, ETA broke the ceasefire with a car blast attack on December 30, 2006 at Barajas International Airport, Madrid killing two Ecuadorian immigrants.

Early Stages of a pregnant woman and her health

2007-02-08T06:44:00.000-08:00

Pregnancy is not an easy job for a woman. Starting from conception to birth, a woman's body carries out the most miraculous process of fertilization, implantation and the maturity and growth of her baby (or babies). Her body is her baby's dwelling place for the next nine months (or around 40 weeks) and the occurrences of pregnancy turn into a journey of many new physical feelings. Whether it is first, second, third (or more) pregnancy, her body will respond in a different way to each individual pregnancy. So health of a pregnant woman is very important to be taken care of.

Throughout the first 12 weeks of pregnancy called the '1st trimester’, a woman's body adjust to present a fostering and protective environment for her baby to grow and develop. Seldom, the early signs of pregnancy can make a woman feel puzzled. This may be for the reason that many of the physical signs of in the early hours of pregnancy such as enlarged tender breasts, sensitivity of tiredness, overstuffed and perhaps experiencing spasms and/or pelvic uneasiness can be considered as normal pre-menstrual signs. In all these stages the health of the woman declines because she is not only feeding herself, also her little developing fetus.

They may also sense disgusted or sick, due to morning sickness. It is not unusual to feel unsure about what is 'normal' during the early stages of pregnancy development, and unfamiliar signs or sensations may trigger concerns about the health, of her and baby. It’s been proved by the Gynecologists that every woman's body will react in a different way to being pregnant. Many women find their early pregnancy symptoms very difficult to cope with, both at work and generally.

Due to continuous vomiting and nourishing the fetus the pregnant woman may be exhausted very easily. She has to constantly keep her energetic by maintaining a healthy diet schedule as prescribed by the physicians. She can have more fresh green vegetables and fruit juices to make her feel fresh and energetic. It’s always significant to make sure that she avoids drinking and smoking because whatever she has will be directly absorbed by the baby. Once the fetus starts developing she has to get primed for all the obstacles she has to experience throughout pregnancy. Many psychologists predict that a healthy pregnancy is not only from taking care of the nutrition for the pregnant women, more than that she has to be taken care from all the hassles in her family. It’s the duty of a loving husband to caress her comfortably and keep her happy always throughout the gestation period. This will not only make the woman feel happy and hopeful it will directly lead to the good development of the fetus.

Infrared

2007-02-03T07:33:00.000-08:00

Infrared (IR) emission is electromagnetic emission of a wavelength longer than that of noticeable light, but shorter than that of radio waves. The name means "below red", red being the color of detectable light of longest wavelength. Infrared radiation spans three instructions of magnitude and has wavelengths between about 750 nm and 1 mm.
These divisions are suitable by the different human response to this radiation: near infrared is the area closest in wavelength to the radiation detectable by the human eye, mid and far infrared are gradually further from the visible regime. Other definitions follow different physical mechanisms and the newest follow technical reasons .Unfortunately the international standards for these specifications are not currently obtainable.
The boundary between visible and infrared light is not precisely defined. The human eye is markedly less responsive to light above 700 nm wavelength, so longer frequencies make irrelevant contributions to scenes illuminated by common light sources. But particularly strong light (e.g., from lasers, or from bright daylight with the visible light removed by colored gels can be detected up to approximately 780 nm, and will be apparent as red light. The onset of infrared is defined at different values typically between 700 nm and 780 nm.

The computer

2007-01-29T07:10:00.000-08:00

A computer is a machine for manipulate data according to a list of commands known as a program. Computers are tremendously adaptable. In fact, they are universal information-processing machines. According to the Church–Turing theory, a computer with a positive minimum entrance capability is in principle capable of performing the responsibilities of any other computer. Therefore, computers with capability ranging from those of a personal digital supporter to a supercomputer may all achieve the same tasks, as long as time and memory capacity are not consideration. Therefore, the same computer design may be modified for tasks ranging from doling out company payrolls to controlling unmanned spaceflights. Due to technical progression, modern electronic computers are exponentially more capable than those of preceding generations. Computers take plentiful physical forms. Early electronic computers were the size of a large room, while whole modern embedded computers may be lesser than a deck of playing cards. Even today, huge computing conveniences still exist for focused scientific computation and for the transaction processing necessities of large organizations. Smaller computers designed for personage use are called personal computers. Along with its convenient equivalent, the laptop computer, the personal computer is the ubiquitous in order processing and communication tool, and is typically what is meant by "a computer". However, the most general form of computer in use today is the embedded computer. Embedded computers are usually comparatively simple and physically small computers used to control one more device. They may control equipment from fighter aircraft to industrial robots to digital cameras. in the beginning, the term "computer" referred to a person who performed numerical calculations, frequently with the aid of a mechanical calculating device or analog computer. In 1801, Joseph Marie Jacquard made an improvement to the presented loom designs that used a series of punched paper cards as a program to weave involved patterns. The resulting Jacquard loom is not considered a true computer but it was an essential step in the growth of modern digital computers.
Charles Babbage was the first to conceptualize and design a completely programmable computer as early as 1820, In 1801, Joseph Marie Jacquard made an improvement to the presented loom designs that used a series of punched paper cards as a program to weave involved patterns. The resulting Jacquard loom is not considered a true computer but it was an essential step in the growth of modern digital computers.
but due to a combination of the restrictions of the technology of the time, limited finance, and an incapability to resist tinkering with his design, the device was never really constructed in his lifetime. By the end of the 19th century a number of technologies that would later prove helpful in computing had appeared, out such as the punch card and the vacuum tube, and large-scale automated data giving using punch cards was performed by tabulating equipment designed by Hermann Hollerith.During the first half of the 20th century, many technical computing wants were met by increasingly difficult special-purpose analog computers, which used a direct mechanical or electrical model of the problem as a base for subtraction (they became ever more rare after the development of the programmable digital computer). Sequence of gradually more powerful and stretchy computing devices were construct in the 1930s and 1940s.

The credit score

2007-01-24T05:48:00.000-08:00

The credit score is calculated using a formula provided by the Fair Isaac Corporation under the act of FCRA. The three national bureaucrats dealing with credit reports are Equifax, Experian and Trans Union. The credit report can vary between these three credit bureaus since the credit reporters do not submit the reports in all three bureaus. Basically it is the procedure that one‘s credit report is the average taken from the values of these three bureaus. There may be a small difference existing between these bureaucracies credit reports which doesn’t seem to harm any of the customers credit score hence no issue has arisen till now in regards to the above.

White tigers

2007-01-18T05:56:00.000-08:00

White tigers are Bengal tigers or tigers of mixed Bengal/Amur ancestry with pink noses, white-to-creme coloured fur and black, grey or chocolate-coloured stripes. Their eyes are usually blue, but may be green or amber. There are several hundred captive white tigers worldwide, all of whom can trace their ancestry back to a white Bengal tiger caught in Rewa, India.
Due to the opinion that their colouration is widely considered striking, white tigers have become popular attractions in zoos and entertainment that showcases exotic animals; the magicians Siegfried and Roy are famous for using several trained white tigers in their shows. Contrary to popular belief, white tigers are not a separate species in their own right, but are a mutant form of the orange Bengal tigers.

People mover

2007-01-11T06:49:00.000-08:00

A people mover or automated people mover is a fully automated, grade-separated transit system. The term is generally used only to describe systems serving relatively small areas such as airports, downtown districts or theme parks, but is sometimes applied to considerably more complex automated systems.The term does not imply any particular technology, and a people mover may use technologies such as monorail, duorail, automated guide way transit or maglev. Propulsion may involve conventional on-board electric motors, linear motors or cable traction.

Some complex APMs deploy fleets of small vehicles over a track network with off-line stations, and supply near non-stop service to passengers. These taxi-like systems are more usually referred to as personal rapid transit. Other complex APMs have similar characteristics to mass transit systems, and there is no clear cut distinction between a complex APM of this type and an automated mass transit system.

In Physics

2007-01-01T20:48:00.000-08:00

Space is one of the few fundamental quantities in physics, meaning that it cannot be defined via other quantities because there is nothing more fundamental known at present. Thus, similar to the definition of other fundamental quantities, space is defined via measurement. Currently, the standard space interval, called a standard meter or simply meter, is defined as the distance traveled by light in a vacuum during a time interval of 1/299792458 of a second. This definition coupled with present definition of time makes our space-time to be Minkowski space and makes special relativity theory to be absolutely correct by definition.
In classical physics, space is a three-dimensional Euclidean space where any position can be described using three coordinates. Special and general relativity uses space-time rather than space; space-time is modeled as a four-dimensional space with the time axis being imaginary in special relativity and real in general relativity, and currently there are many theories which use more than four-dimensional spaces.
Before Einstein's work on relativistic physics, time and space were viewed as independent dimensions. Einstein's discoveries have shown that due to relativity of motion our space and time can be mathematically combined into one symmetric object — space-time.

Problems with the Richter scale

2006-12-25T21:29:00.000-08:00

The major problem with Richter magnitude is that it is not easily related to physical characteristics of the earthquake source. Furthermore,there is a saturation effect near 8.3-8.5, owing to the scaling law of earthquake spectra, that causes traditional magnitude methods to yield the same magnitude estimate for events that are clearly of different size. By the beginning of the 21st century, most seismologists considered the traditional magnitude scales to be largely obsolete, being replaced by a more physically meaningful measurement called the seismic moment which is more directly relatable to the physical parameters, such as the dimension of the earthquake rupture, and the energy released from the earthquake. In 1979 seismologists Tom Hanks and Hiroo Kanamori, also of the California Institute of Technology, proposed the moment magnitude scale , which provides a way of expressing seismic moments in a form that can be approximately related to traditional seismic magnitude measurements.

Population control

2006-12-17T20:31:00.000-08:00

Population control is the practice of curtailing population increase, usually by reducing the birth rate. Surviving records from Ancient Greece document the first known examples of population control. These include the colonization movement, which saw Greek outposts being built across the Mediterranean and Black Sea basins to accommodate the excess population of individual states. An important example of mandated population control is China's one-child policy, in which having more than one child is made extremely unattractive. This has led to allegations that practices like infanticide, forced abortions, and forced sterilization are used as a result of the policy.
In ecology, population control is on occasions considered to be done solely by predators, diseases, parasites, and environmental factors. At many times human effects on animal and plant populations are also considered. Migrations of animals may be seen as a natural way of population control, for the food on land is more abundant on some seasons. The area of the migrations' start is left to reproduce the food supply for large mass of animals next time around. See also immigration.

NASA spaceflight missions

2006-12-11T04:10:00.000-08:00

NASA has had many successful space missions and programs, including over 100 manned missions. The many notable manned missions have been from the Apollo program, which were a sequence of missions to the moon, and included the achievement of the first man to walk on the moon, during Apollo 11. The Space Shuttle Program has also been a huge success with, despite the loss of two of the Space Shuttles, Challenger and Columbia which resulted in the deaths of their entire crews. The Space Shuttles were able to dock with the space station Mir while it was operational, and are now able to dock with the International Space Station - a joint project of many space agencies. NASA's future plans for space exploration are with the Project Constellation.

There have been many unmanned NASA space missions as well, including at least one that visited each of the other 7 planets in our solar system, and four missions that have left our solar system. There has been much recent success with the missions to Mars, including the Mars Exploration Rovers, and the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter.

Meteorite

2006-11-27T07:45:00.000-08:00

A meteorite is an extraterrestrial body that survives its impact with the Earth's surface without being destroyed. While in space it is called a meteoroid. When it enters the atmosphere, air resistance causes the body to heat up and emit light, thus forming a fireball, also known as a meteor or shooting star. The term bolide refers to either an extraterrestrial body that collides with the Earth, or to an exceptionally bright, fireball-like meteor regardless of whether it ultimately impacts the surface.
More generally, a meteorite on the surface of any celestial body is an object that has come from elsewhere in space. Meteorites have been found on the Moon and Mars.Meteorites that are recovered after being observed as they transitted the atmosphere or impacted the Earth are called falls. All other meteorites are known as finds. As of mid-2006, there are approximately 1050 witnessed falls having specimens in the world's collections. In contrast, there are over 31,000 well-documented meteorite finds.
Meteorites are always named for the place where they were found , usually a nearby town or geographic feature. In cases where many meteorites were found in one place, the name may be followed by a number or letter.Meteorites have traditionally been divided into three broad categories: stony meteorites are rocks, mainly composed of silicate minerals; iron meteorites are largely composed of metallic iron-nickel; and, stony-iron meteorites contain large amounts of both metallic and rocky material. Modern classification schemes divide meteorites into groups according to their structure, chemical and isotopic composition and mineralogy.

Oat

2006-11-16T08:46:00.000-08:00

The Oat is a species of cereal grain, and the seeds of this plant. They are used for food for people and as fodder for animals, especially poultry and horses. Oat straw is used as animal bedding and sometimes as animal feed.
Oats are often served as a porridge made from crushed or rolled oats, oatmeal, and are also baked into cookies together with wheat flour. As oat flour or oatmeal, they are also used in a variety of other baked goods and cold cereals, and as an ingredient in muesli and granola. Oats may also be consumed raw, and cookies with raw oats are quickly becoming popular. Oats are also occasionally used in Britain for brewing beer. Oatmeal stout is one variety brewed using a percentage of oats for the wort.
Oats also have non-food uses. Oat straw is also used in corn dolly making, and it is the favourite filling for home made lace pillows. Oat extract can be used to soothe the skin conditions, e.g. in baths, skin products, etc.
A now obsolete Middle English name for the plant was haver , surviving in the name of the livestock feeding bag haversack. In contrast with the names of the other grains, "oat" is usually used in the plural.

Bahrain

2006-11-09T19:33:00.000-08:00

Bahrain, officially the Kingdom of Bahrain , is a borderless island nation in the Persian Gulf . Saudi Arabia lies to the west and is connected to Bahrain by the King Fahd Causeway , and Qatar is to the south across thePersian Gulf. The Qatar–Bahrain Friendship Bridge, currently being planned, will link Bahrain to Qatar as the longest fixed link in the worldBahrain is the smallest, in terms of population, Arab nation in the world, and the smallest Arab member of the United Nations. It is also the least populous country in mainland Asia .

Mountain

2006-11-02T07:01:00.000-08:00

A mountain is a landform that extends above the surrounding terrain in a limited area. A mountain is generally higher and steeper than a hill, but there is considerable overlap, and usage often depends on local custom.
Mountains cover 52% of Asia, 36% of North America, 25% of Europe, 22% of South America, 17% of Australia, and 3% of Africa. As a whole, 24% of the Earth's land mass is mountainous. Also, 1 in 10 people live in mountainous regions. All the world's major rivers are fed from mountain sources, and more than half of humanity depends on mountains for water.
The adjective montane is used to describe mountainous areas and the things associated with them.

Porridge

2006-10-27T22:54:00.000-07:00

Porridge is a simple dish made by boiling oats , occasionally oatmeal or another meal in water, milk or both. Oat and semolina porridge are in various countries the most popular varieties. Some other meals used for porridge include rice, wheat, peasemeal, barley, and cornmeal.
In many cultures, it is eaten as a breakfast, often with the addition of sugar or cream. As the traditional breakfast of Scotland ,it is made with salt. Some manufacturers of breakfast cereal sell "ready-made" versions; aficionados question whether these can truly be called porridge. Gruel is a thin porridge made with water.

Family planning

2006-10-17T22:41:00.000-07:00

Family planning is often used as a euphemism for birth control, though its connotations are somewhat different. It is most usually applied to the circumstance of a monogamous heterosexual couple who wish to limit their number of children, to control the timing of pregnancy , or both. Inherent in the idea is that the couple does have at least one child, that is, they use birth control to plan, not to prevent, a family.
Family planning may include more or less permanent abstinence, or the marginally effective withdrawal method, or methods of sexual satisfaction other than genital intercourse, More commonly, however, it is considered to be a system that allows a couple to have sexual intercourse on a long-term, regular basis, during which the man normally reaches orgasm and ejaculation in the woman's vagina, while nevertheless sharply and reliably reducing the chance that she will become pregnant until such time as the couple wish. Family planning thus often incorporates methods of birth control that either prevent fertilization or work after fertilization to prevent the implantation of an embryo. The essence of family planning, then, is to make intercourse purely a means of expressing love, building stability in the relationship, and sharing physical pleasure, and not a means of reproducing.

The Mouflon

2006-10-09T19:23:00.000-07:00

The Mouflon is a species of wild sheep and as such is one of the Caprinae or "goat antelopes". It is thought to be one of the two ancestors for all modern domestic sheep breeds. It is red-brown with a dark back-stripe, light colored saddle patch and underparts. The males are horned and the females are horned or polled.
They originated in Southwest Asia, where the species known as Asiatic mouflon lives. They were introduced to the islands of Corsica, Sardinia, and Cyprus during the neolithic period, perhaps as feral domesticated animals, where they naturalized to the mountainous interiors of these islands over the past few thousand years, giving rise to the species known as European mouflon . They are now rare on the islands, but have been successfully introduced into central Europe, including Germany, Austria, the Czech Republic, Slovakia, Hungary, and Romania, even in some northern European countries, such as Finland.
The scientific classification of the Mouflon is disputed but the European Mouflon may be considered as either Ovis musimon or Ovis ammon musimon.

Spear

2006-09-25T09:41:00.000-07:00

A spear is an ancient weapon used for hunting and war, consisting of a shaft, usually of wood, with a sharpened head. The head may be simply the sharpened end of the shaft itself, as is the case with bamboo spears, or it may be of another material fastened to the shaft. The most common design is of a metal spearhead, shaped somewhat like a dagger.
Spears were arguably one of the most common personal weapons from the late Bronze Age until the advent of firearms. They may be seen as the ancestor of such weapons as the lance, the halberd, the naginata and the pike. One of the earliest weapons fashioned by human beings and their ancestors, it is still used for hunting and fishing, and its influences can still be seen in contemporary military arsenals as the rifle mounted bayonet.
Spears can be used as both melee and ballistic weapons. Spears used primarily for thrusting tend to have heavier and sturdier designs than those intended exclusively for throwing. Two of the most noted throwing spears are the javelin thrown by the ancient Greeks and the pilum used by the Romans.

CEO

2006-09-08T12:00:00.000-07:00

In closely held corporations, it is general business culture that the office CEO is also the chairman of the board. Specifically, one person shares the chairman and CEO titles while another person takes the presidency or may become chief operating officer . Regardless, in virtually all cases where the CEO and president are not the same person, the CEO is of the higher rank and ultimate authority. However, the term president is from the U.S. and in the UK COO is favored. Underneath that comes the Executive Vice President or Executive Director. In publicly held corporations, the CEO and chairman positions can be separated but there are implications in corporate governance by doing so.

In some European Union countries, there are two separate boards, one executive board for the day-to-day business and one supervisory board for control purposes. In these countries, the chief executive and the chairman of the board will always be different people. This ensures a distinction between governance and management and allows for clear lines of authority. The aim is to prevent a conflict of interest and too much power being concentrated in the hands of one person.

In rare circumstances an Executive Chairperson can be appointed but this is either illegal in many jurisdictions or frowned upon by Regulators.

In the United Kingdom many Charities and Government Agencies are headed by a Chief Executive who is answerable to a Board of Trustees or Board of Directors. In the UK, the Chairman in public companies is more senior than the Chief Executive. Most public companies now split the role of Chairman and Chief Executive.

2006-08-21T07:13:00.000-07:00

Espionage

"Spy" and "secret agent" redirect here. For other senses of those words, see spy (disambiguation) and secret agent (disambiguation).
Espionage is the practice of obtaining information about an organization or a society that is considered secret or confidential (spying) without the permission of the holder of the information. What differentiates espionage from other forms of intelligence work is that espionage involves obtaining the information by accessing the place where the information is stored or accessing the people who know the information and will divulge it through some kind of subterfuge.

Espionage is usually thought of as part of an institutional effort (i.e., governmental or corporate espionage). The term espionage is most readily associated with state spying on potential or actual enemies, primarily for military purposes, but this has been extended to spying involving corporations, known specifically as industrial espionage. Many nations routinely spy on both their enemies and allies, although they maintain a policy of not making comment on this. Black's Law Dictionary (1990) defines espionage as: "...gathering, transmitting, or losing...information related to the national defense."

A spy is an agent employed to obtain such secrets. The term intelligence officer is also used to describe a member of the armed forces, police officer or civilian intelligence agency who specialises in the gathering, fusion and analysis of information and intelligence in order to provide advice to their government or another organisation. Spymaster is a term often used in literature for the superior of a spy ring.

exam in china

2006-07-17T06:01:00.000-07:00

Entrance exam of college's in China is most proberbly horses and people togeather trying to cross up a narrow footbridge.9.5 million of high school grduates are appear to the first day test of different subject matter of which only 2.6 million places for undergrguations.

health screenings

2006-07-02T22:29:00.000-07:00

Health is a term that refers to a combination of the absence of illness, the ability to cope with everyday activities, physical fitness, and high quality of life. In any organism, health can be sbe a "state of balance," or analogouomeostasis, and it also implies good prospects for continued survival. Wellness is a term sometimes used to describe the psychological state of being healthy, but is most often used in the field of alternative medicine to describe one's state of being.
The most widely accepted definition of health is that of the World Health Organization (WHO). It states that "healstate of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity" (WHO, 1946). In more recent years, thiand economically productive life." The WHO definition is not without criticism, as some ar health cannot be defined as a state at all, but must be seen as a procentinuous adjustment to the changing demands of living and of the changing meanings we give to life. The WHO definition is therefore consionestyle", and "healthcare organization"[1] Thus, health is maintained through the science and practice of medicine, but can also be improved by individual effort. Physical fitnesssmoking and other substance abuse are examples of steps to improve one's healtemployees, and increasing morale, loyalty and productivity at work. A company may provide a gym with exercise equipment, start smoking cessation programs, provide nutrition, weight or stress management training. Other programs may include health risk assessments, health screenings and body mass index monitoring.
Alternative medicine such a the BioHealthChip can sometimes be used to improve health.An increasing measure oealth of populations is height, which is strongly regulated by nutrition and health care, among other standardegulators and its implications is known as auxology.Environmental health comprises those aspects of human health, inuding quality ofe, that are determined by physical, chemical, biological, social, and psychosocial factors in the environment. It also refers to the theory anf present and future genRegional Office for Europe, includes both the direct pathological effec chemicals, radiation and some biological agents, and the effects (often indirect) on health and wellbeing of the broad physical, psychological, social and aesthetic environment which includes housing, urban development, land use and transport.

Commonwealth of Nations

2006-06-30T03:44:00.000-07:00

The Commonwealth of Nations, usually known as the Commonwealth, is an association of 53 independent sovereign states, almost all of which are former territories of the British Empire.It was once known as the British Commonwealth of Nations or British Commonwealth, and some still call it by that name, either for historical reasons or to distinguish it from the other commonwealths around the world. The full name, Commonwealth of Nations, is sufficient to distinguish the Commonwealth from other commonwealths such as the Commonwealth of Independent States or the Commonwealth of Australia.

Queen Elizabeth II, who is called the Head of State of 16 of the 53 Commonwealth Realms, is the Head of the Commonwealth, and serves as its symbolic chief executive. This title, however, does not imply any political power over member nations, and does not automatically belong to the British monarch. In practice, the queen only "heads" the Commonwealth in a highly symbolic capacity and it is the Commonwealth Secretary-General who is the active chief executive of the organization.

Home Decorations

2006-05-03T22:35:00.000-07:00

Dolls were issued in England as Action Girl. These dolls were very similar to the US-issued dolls except that their eyes were side glancing and their hair was different. The US dolls had a piece of hair on other side of the face pulled up into a bow on top of the head. The Action Girl dolls had straight hair with no bows. Desktop Decor objects are also available.

The Action Girl dolls also had their own line of clothing. They also came out as a special Grants doll called Donna. These dolls had curly hair pulled to one side. It is used for home decorations.

The Teddy bear is a stuffed toy bear for children. It is an enduring, traditional form of stuffed animal, often serving the purpose of comforting upset young children. In recent times, some teddy bears, Wall clocks have become expensive collector's items are used as a home accents.

The word art is also used to apply judgments of value, as in such expressions as "that meal was a work of art" , or "the art of deception," (the highly attained level of skill of the deceiver is praised). It is this use of the word as a measure of high quality and high value that gives the term its flavor of subjectivity.

PCI audio interface

2006-04-24T22:49:00.000-07:00

Gigasonic has a range of digital musical solutions which suit everyone’s needs. There is the provision of shopping by audio mixer as you browse through. The computer music category includes interface packages which consist of Edirol, audio interface, music software and special bundles. To record audio in to your computer, gigasonic has a wide range of audio interfaces. This includes USB and PCI audio interfaces which has premium sound quality and economically viable. These interfaces come with brand names like usb audio interface, computer music, Line 6 and Casio Privia piano. These audio interfaces have balanced main outputs, input channels headphone outputs and balanced line inputs.

Grisaille painting

2006-01-30T02:05:00.000-08:00

Grisaille is not a paintings type by its own but an initial step in oil painting. It is the step representing lighter shades of the image to be painted. This type grisaille grey is basically a painting in lighter grey shade (followed as per the rules of oil painting the darker painting section follows the lighter colors to be implemented in oil painting) before the whole painting is all done. This painting is executed entirely on monochrome in various shades of grey which can also be used for decorative purposes such as representing an object in relief.

Advantages of debt consolidation

2006-01-30T02:04:00.000-08:00

1. Reduction of average interest rate:
Taking multiple credit interest rate (which varies from one credit card to another) in to account will have a high interest when compared to one single credit interest for the whole amount with a low interest rate. So an individual may choose this option to reduce his interest rate.

2. Reduction to one credit payment:
An individual may use many credit cards and pay his bills for all the credit cards. This may need a good management technique depending up on the number of cards in use. If you use more number of credit cards then the planning need to be done more appropriately and executed timely where as if you have one credit card your job is done in a way simple and easily executable. One hence opts to shift from multiple loan payments to one loan payment program replacing all the rest.

3. Reduction of past interest or penalty charges:
One opting for debt consolidation may go for reduction of past interest or penalty charges paid for the borrowed amount under certain options. Options include high interest rate or penalty charges placed for the credited amount, when the total amount paid in the history till date exceeds the borrowed amount, or if it is a very long duration payment program going for 5 yrs or above. Under each case stated one can reduce the past interest and penalty charges or sometimes even eliminate those and pay only the amount borrowed.

4. Obtaining a payment plan:
This payment plan is given to the consumer analyzing the capability of an individual by thoroughly going through the personal needs of an individual, his responsibilities etc after which the debt consolidator restructures the existing plans taken by the consumer.

5. Becoming debt free at a faster rate:
Taking debt consolidation program relieves a person from debts at a faster rate than the usual time, which is required to come out of the debt. Following the plans given by a debt consolidator and proper execution of the plan will surely make an individual debt free and obtain high credit scores.

Collectibles

2006-01-19T22:22:00.000-08:00

Home Accents

Making judgments of value requires a basis for criticism: a way to determine whether the impact of the object on the senses meets the criteria to be considered art, whether it is perceived to be ugly or beautiful. Perception is always colored by experience, so a reaction to art as 'ugly' or 'beautiful' is necessarily subjective. The art work is used as home accents

Because of its elusive nature, "good" art is not always, or even regularly, appealing. In other words, it does not have to be "nice-looking", and often depicts terrible images made for social, moral, or thought-provoking reasons.

Countless schools have proposed their own ways to define quality, yet they all seem to agree in at least one point once their aesthetic choices are accepted, the home decorations, value of the work of art is determined by its capacity to transcend the limits of its chosen medium in order to strike some universal chord (which, oddly enough, tends to be the most personal one).

2005-09-21T21:14:00.000-07:00

Sitting here in early August gazing at the grey English skies makes me long to return to sunnier climates. My thoughts turn firmly to Florida and I find myself browsing for Orlando villas to rent on orlando villas.
I remember my last trip as if it was only yesterday, especially my close encounter whilst absorbing one of Central Florida’s natural attractions, the swamps.

Although we were staying in an Orlando vacation rental home which are mainly filled with out-of-state tourists, I bumped into a local called Carl who was working for www.wireitright.com who suggested that our families meet up one Sunday afternoon at a country park about 30 miles North West of Orlando. Eager to see more of Florida’s natural beauty, sure enough one week later we found ourselves heading up to Wekiva. We met with our new friends and decided to rent some canoes and head north upriver.

The shallow river was fairly dense with fallen trees and navigating them was difficult. Whilst rowing with one ore and two you kids was hard-work heading up-stream, the current made it fairly easy to control the canoe and navigate the tight corners. As we passed one particularly hairy tight spot, a 7ft alligator was clearly visible. The kids, aged 4 and 5, were already on the lookout for alligators and they fell very silent as we passed.

Eventually we found a sand island in the middle of the river and stopped for refreshment. My 4 year old picked up a stick that was floating down-stream. When he asked me why the stick was moving I shouted to him to drop it, fortunately it looked like it was just a water snake.

I need some excitement in my life again, time to fins another Florida vacation villa for rent on www.fabvillas.com. If I can, I’ll try to stay at Emerald Retreat again as it was a wonderful villa with everything that I could have dreamed of, details can be found at www.emeraldislandflorida.com

Orlando villas

2005-09-21T10:26:00.000-07:00

Sitting here in early August gazing at the grey English skies makes me long to return to sunnier climates. My thoughts turn firmly to Florida and I find myself browsing for Orlando villas to rent on orlando villas. I remember my last trip as if it was only yesterday, especially my close encounter whilst absorbing one of Central Florida’s natural attractions, the swamps.
Although we were staying in an Orlando vacation rental home which are mainly filled with out-of-state tourists, I bumped into a local called Carl who was working for www.wireitright.com who suggested that our families meet up one Sunday afternoon at a country park about 30 miles North West of Orlando. Eager to see more of Florida’s natural beauty, sure enough one week later we found ourselves heading up to Wekiva. We met with our new friends and decided to rent some canoes and head north upriver.
The shallow river was fairly dense with fallen trees and navigating them was difficult. Whilst rowing with one ore and two you kids was hard-work heading up-stream, the current made it fairly easy to control the canoe and navigate the tight corners. As we passed one particularly hairy tight spot, a 7ft alligator was clearly visible. The kids, aged 4 and 5, were already on the lookout for alligators and they fell very silent as we passed.
Eventually we found a sand island in the middle of the river and stopped for refreshment. My 4 year old picked up a stick that was floating down-stream. When he asked me why the stick was moving I shouted to him to drop it, fortunately it looked like it was just a water snake.
I need some excitement in my life again, time to fins another Florida vacation villa for rent on www.fabvillas.com. If I can, I’ll try to stay at Emerald Retreat again as it was a wonderful villa with everything that I could have dreamed of, details can be found at www.emeraldislandflorida.com

LAN

2005-09-20T10:18:00.000-07:00

A local area network (LAN) is a computer network covering a local area, like a home, office or small group of buildings such as a college.
When using ethernet the computers are usually wired to a hub or to a switch. This constitutes the physical layer.
A layout known as a spanning tree protocol is often used to maintain a loop free network topology within a LAN, particularly with ethernet.
A number of network protocols may use the basic physical layer including TCP/IP. In this case DHCP is a convenient way to obtain an IP address rather than using fixed addressing. LANs can be interlinked by connections to form a Wide area network. A router is used to make the connection between LANs.
LANs are distinguished from other kinds of networks by three characteristics: (1) their size, (2) their transmission technology, and (3) their topology.

Triboluminescence

2005-08-20T07:05:00.000-07:00

Triboluminescence is an optical phenomenon in which light is generated via the breaking of asymmetrical bonds in a crystal when that material is scratched, crushed, or rubbed. This is a variant of luminescence; the term comes from the Greek tribein (to rub) and the Latin lumin (light).
For example, a diamond may begin to glow while being rubbed. This occasionally happens to diamonds while a facet is being ground or the diamond is being sawn during the cutting process. Diamonds may fluoresce blue or red. Ordinary friction tape (the cloth type -- not the shiny electrician's tape) displays a glowing line where the end of the tape is being pulled away from the roll. Also when sugar crystals are crushed, tiny electrical fields are created, separating positive and negative charges that then create sparks while trying to reunite. WintOGreen Lifesavers work especially well for creating such sparks, due to the fact that wintergreen oil (methyl salicylate) is fluorescent and converts ultraviolet light into blue light.

History

2005-02-25T03:36:00.000-08:00

HistoryModems were first introduced as a part of the SAGE air-defense system in the 1950s, connecting terminals located at various airbases, radar sites and command-and-control centers to the SAGE director centers scattered around the US and Canada. SAGE ran on dedicated communications lines, but the devices at either end were otherwise similar in concept to today's modems. IBM was the primary contractor for both the computers and the modems used in the SAGE system. A few years later a chance meeting between the CEO of American Airlines and a regional manager of IBM led to a "mini-SAGE" being developed as an automated airline ticketing system. In this case the terminals were located at ticketting offices, tied to a central computer that managed availability and scheduling. The system, known as Sabre, is the distant parent of today's SABRE system.
By the early 1960s commercial computer use had bloomed, due in no small part to the developments above, and in 1962 AT&T released the first commercial modem, the Bell 103. Using frequency-shift keying, where two tones are used to represent the 1's and 0's of digital data, the 103 had a transmission rate of 300 bit/s. Only a short time later they released the Bell 212, switching to the more reliable phase-shift keying system and increasing the data rate to 1200 bit/s. The similar Bell 201 system used both sets of signals (send and receive) on 4-wire leased lines for 2400 bit/s operation.

Quick

2004-11-23T03:35:00.000-08:00

Quick, a word which, by origin, and in early and many surviving uses, meant living, alive. It is common to Germanic languages, confer German keck, lively, Dutch kwik, and Danish kvik; confer also Danish kvaeg, cattle. The original root is seen in Sanskrit jiva; Latin vivus, living, alive; Greek bios, life.
In its original sense the chief uses are such as the quick and the dead, of the Apostles Creed, a quickset hedge, i.e. consisting of slips of living privet, thorn (NB. In Northern Europe, quick-thorn refers to the tree hawthorn (Crataegus monogyna), that is commonly used for hedging purposes) etc., the quick, i.e. the tender parts of the flesh under hard skin or particularly under the nail. The phrase quick with child is a conversion of with a quick. i.e. living child.
From the sense of having full vigour, living or lively qualities or movements, the word got its chief current meaning of possessing rapidity or speed of movement, mental or physical. It is thus used in the names of things which are in a constant or easily aroused condition of movement, e.g. quicksand, loose water-logged sand, readily yielding to weight or pressure, and quicksilver, the common name of the metal mercury.

quickie

2004-10-28T03:19:00.000-07:00

the art of writing is fast dying if you ask me but then so is the art of reading . reading as in reading books. there are very few in the new generation who know how to complete a book they have started but is there anybody who doesnt know how to browse the net? well , that's the magic og the net for you!!!!!!!!!!

THE CREATIVE IMPULSE

2004-10-28T01:05:00.000-07:00

The creative impulse is apparently not target focused. Music, cooking, writing, talking, walking, it's all the same. However, within certain more or less contrived social constraints, the quickest route to expression is always favoured.

bizzzzzzzzzzzzz

2004-10-28T01:02:00.000-07:00

This fearful rejection of the sonically non-uniform really only evokes its own shadow, the repressed underworld of secretion. The violent revenge of the repressed... madness lies in wait for those who try to control the endlessly assymetrical convolutions and convulsions of the mind itself.